Autumn is in full swing in the Northern Hemisphere. October is full of celestial action with a supermoon, a comet, meteor showers and a major NASA mission launch all on tap for this month. Here's the calendar of events and how to participate in these cosmic happenings.
Oct. 2: Annular solar eclipse
An annular solar eclipse creates a "ring of fire."
Kristen M. Caldon/NPS/Grand Canyon National ParkA "ring of fire" eclipse obscures the sun on Oct. 2. The eclipse is mostly over ocean waters, but the full ring effect will be visible from parts of Argentina and Chile. Other spots will be treated to a partial eclipse. Here's everything you need to know about the ring of fire and how to watch it.
Oct. 7-Oct. 8: Draconids meteor shower peaks
"Shooting stars" will be dancing across the night sky throughout the month. Meteor showers happen when little bits of icy comets or rocky asteroids enter Earth's atmosphere and turn into bright streaks of light. The pieces of space debris are called meteoroids. When they become fireballs, they're called meteors. If part of a meteoroid reaches the ground, it's a meteorite.
Here are all the named meteor showers active through the end of the year and how to see them. For October, pay special attention to the Draconids and Orionids. The Draconids shower peaks around Oct. 7 and Oct. 8, but runs from Oct. 6-Oct. 10. The Draconids doesn't always deliver a spectacular show, but has the potential to generate an impressive flurry in some years. Aim for a place with dark skies and minimal light pollution.
Oct. 10: NASA launches Europa Clipper
NASA is targeting Oct. 10 for the fiery launch of its Europa Clipper mission. The agency will send a spacecraft to study Jupiter's weird and fascinating ocean moon Europa, a place that may potentially be habitable for microbial life. Liftoff is scheduled for 9:31 a.m. PT on a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. NASA will livestream the launch. Launches are sometimes postponed for technical or weather-related issues.
Oct. 12: Comet A3 closest approach to Earth
Comet A3 makes a spectacular appearance in this image from NASA astronaut Don Pettit taken from the International Space Station.
Don Pettit/NASAComet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS is also called C/2023-A3 or Comet A3 for short. This icy visitor survived a close approach to the sun and may develop into a celestial celebrity for viewers on Earth. Astrophotographers in the Southern Hemisphere and astronauts on the International Space Station have already snapped the comet's portrait. The Northern Hemisphere may get some good viewing opportunities in October.
Comet A3's closest approach to Earth happens on Oct. 12. You may need a telescope or a good pair of binoculars, but there's a chance the comet could be visible to the naked eye.
"Comet A3 has generated so much excitement about how bright and visible it might be that it has even been billed as the 'comet of the century' in some quarters," the Royal Astronomical Society said in a statement on Sept. 30. It's too soon to tell if it will live up to the hype. The RAS recommends looking west just after sunset from Oct. 12-Oct. 30. Happy comet hunting!
Oct. 17: Full Hunter's "supermoon"
NASA highlights the phases of the moon for October 2024.
NASA/JPL-CaltechThe October full moon is known by its nickname of the Hunter's Moon. This year's Hunter's Moon is a "supermoon," which means the moon is close to Earth and may appear slightly bigger and brighter than normal. The size difference is subtle. Any full moon is a delightful experience, but it's especially fun to cheer on a supermoon. The Hunter's moon will reach peak illumination at 4:26 a.m. PT on Oct. 17, according to the Old Farmer's Almanac. For best viewing, look for the moon after sunset that evening.
Oct. 20-21: Orionids meteor shower peaks
The Orionids meteor shower is known for bright streaks. It's one of the top meteor showers of the year.
NASA/JPLThe Orionids meteor shower reaches maximum on Oct. 20-21, but runs through the entire month. Expect 10-20 meteors per hour at its peak if you have ideal viewing conditions. This shower tends to be more reliable than the Draconids.
Bonus: Earth has a mini-moon
Earth welcomed a temporary tiny moon into orbit in late September. The small asteroid will stick around until late November. It's too small to spot it with amateur astronomy gear, but it's up there and makes for a fun talking point. Here's everything you need to know about our visiting mini-moon.